PUBLIC ARCHAEOLOGY

What is archaeology? The study archaeology is the study of human activity via the recovery and examination of material culture is known as archaeology. Artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes make up the archaeological record. Archaeology is a social science and a humanities branch at the same time. Archaeology is a sub-field of anthropology in North America, although it is viewed as a discipline in its own right or a sub-field of other disciplines in Europe. Archaeology as a descipline can be described as the study of human past. Also, Archaeology is the study of material remains from the ancient and recent human past. In addition, the scientific study of the material remnants of past human life and activities is known as archaeology. These include everything made by humans, from simple tools to complex machines, from the earliest houses, temples and tombs to palaces, cathedrals, and pyramids, from the very earliest stone tools to the man-made objects th...

  INTRODUCTION  The most important lesson in life is the message from the past. The past's illuminating force is a powerful guide to the future; also, the present is but a reflection of the past, and what should be expected in the future can only be seen by looking back in time (Wilson, 1975). Niger Republic borders Katsina State to the north, Kano State to the east, Kaduna State to the south, and Sokoto State to the west. Radda is a village in Katsina State, located in the western part of Charanchi Local Government Area, a few kilometers north of the local government and at least 55 kilometers from the state capital. The abandoned settlement has archaeological potentials, which are currently being studied during the 2018 archaeological field school, organized by the management of the archaeological department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Radda is one of the oldest cities in Katsina, with dyeing, pottery making, and blacksmithing among other occupations attracting people t...

Excavation In archaeology, excavation is the process of uncovering, recording, and recovering buried material remains. Excavations can be described as the surgical aspect of archaeology: it is surgery of the buried landscape, carried out with all the skilled craftsmanship that has been built up in the era since archaeological pioneers Heinrich Schliemann, often regarded as the modern discoverer of prehistoric Greece, and Flinders Petrie, who invented a sequence dating method that allowed the reconstruction of history from the remains of ancient cultures, invented. Excavations can be characterized as intentional, rescue, or accidental, depending on their goal. The most important excavations are the outcome of a well-thought-out plan, with the goal of uncovering hidden evidence concerning an archaeological sites.  Many are project-oriented, such as when a scholar researching the pre-Roman, Celtic-speaking Gauls of France chooses a set of hill forts to excavate, as Sir Mortimer Wheele...

  COMMUNITY OR PUBLIC ARCHAEOLOGY  Archaeology meets the world in public archaeology as a practice and a field of study. Ascertain 2000: 2, defines public archaeology as "all the New Territories on the outskirts of direct inquiry into the remains of material culture... All of them are concerned with the issues that occur when archaeology enters the actual world of economic and political turmoil. In other words, they are ethical issues. According to, (Schadla-Hall 1999: 147), any area of archaeological activity that interacted or had the potential to interact with the public – the vast majority of whom know little about archaeology as an academic subject for a variety of reasons. It also investigates the processes and effects of archaeology's integration into a broader public culture, where contestation and dissonance are unavoidable. As a result of its focus on ethics and identity, public archaeology is inevitably about meaning negotiation and conflict. Merriman (2004). In ano...

  POTTERY Pottery is the art of making containers and other objects out of clay and other ceramic materials, then firing them to make them hard and durable. Earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain are the most common varieties. A pottery is also the location where a potter creates such items (plural "potteries"). "All fired vessles wares that contain clay when manufactured, save technical, structural, and refractory items," according to the American Society for Testing and Materials . In archaeology, "pottery" usually refers to vessels exclusively, while "terracottas" refers to figures and other objects made of the same material. Some definitions of pottery include clay as a component of the materials used, but this is debatable. Pottery from Romania's Székely Land is for sale in Budapest . Ceramic artefacts such as the Gravettian culture Venus of Doln Vstonice figure discovered in the Czech Republic dating back to 29,000–25,000 BC, and pottery...

STUDY OF ARCHAEOLOGY   The study archaeology is the study of human activity via the recovery and examination of material culture is known as archaeology. Artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes make up the archaeological record. Archaeology is a social science and a humanities branch at the same time. Archaeology is a sub-field of anthropology in North America, although it is viewed as a discipline in its own right or a sub-field of other disciplines in Europe. From the formation of the earliest stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago to recent decades, archaeologists investigate human prehistory and history. Palaeontology, the study of fossil remains, is not the same as archaeology. It's especially crucial when studying prehistoric societies because there aren't always written records to study. From the Paleolithic through the introduction of literacy in communities around the world, prehistory encompasses almost 99 percent of...